Thursday, August 27, 2020

Co-Dominance in Evolution

Co-Dominance in Evolution Co-predominance is a sort of non-Mendelian legacy design that finds the qualities communicated by the alleles to be equivalent in the phenotype. There is neither a total predominance or deficient strength of one attribute over the other for that given trademark. Co-predominance would show the two alleles similarly rather than a mixing of the qualities as is seen in fragmented strength. On account of co-strength, the heterozygous individual communicates the two alleles similarly. There is no blending or mixing included and each is particular and similarly appeared in the phenotype of the person. Neither one of the traits covers the other like in basic or complete strength, either. Ordinarily, co-predominance is connected with a trademark that has various alleles. That implies there is something beyond two alleles that code for the quality. A few attributes have three potential alleles that may consolidate and a few characteristics have much more than that. Intermittently, one of those alleles will be latent and the other two will be co-prevailing. This enables the characteristic to adhere to the Mendelian Laws of heredity with basic or complete predominance or, then again, to have a circumstance where co-strength becomes an integral factor. Models One case of co-strength in people is the AB blood classification. Red platelets have antigens on them that are intended to ward off other remote blood classifications, which is the reason just particular sorts of blood can be utilized for blood transfusions dependent on the beneficiaries own blood classification. A sort platelets have one sort of antigen, while the B type platelets have an alternate kind. Regularly, these antigens would flag that they are a remote blood classification to the body and would be assaulted by the invulnerable framework. Individuals with AB blood classifications have the two antigens normally in their frameworks, so their insusceptible framework won't assault those platelets. This makes individuals with the AB blood classification all inclusive beneficiaries because of the co-strength showed by their AB blood classification. The A sort doesn't veil the B type and the other way around. In this way, both the An antigen and B antigen are similarly communicated in a showcase of co-predominance.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Volunteer assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Volunteer - Assignment Example volunteers to get an opportunity to give back, one can see too that it isn't only the hungry and the jobless that are being served here, yet that the individuals what serve's identity is additionally receiving such a great amount consequently. What I for one got from this experience is something that is extremely difficult to evaluate and to articulate, and I presume that for each volunteer it is distinctive as well. What I can say for myself is that this experience made me fully aware of the truth of destitution, how it is at times past the individual limit of an individual to forestall, that it is something that can hit anyone whenever. Taking a gander at the blend of individuals who were served as well, one can see this isn't just about food, it is likewise about having the option to depend on something that is consistent and feeding, in a world that can be so capricious and hazardous, being out in the city and unfit to look for some kind of employment and the way to help oneself. Setting off to the soup kitchen, they can anticipate sustenance, and they can hope to have this relief from the arbitrariness of their lives five days every week. It is a life saver. Then again for volunteers this is additionally a sort of life saver, something that is in like manner consistent and something that volunteers can depend on, as a sort of shelter as well, as it were. Individuals need this sort of road for offering back to New York also (Holy Apostles Soup Kitchen). Taking a gander at the individuals as well, and finding out about a portion of their lives, what they have experienced and what they are at present experiencing, I understand that occasionally life can hit you hard and there is in some cases no real way to get ready for what is going to come straightaway. This contextualizes the readings and conversations in class, as far as bringing this abstract and individual viewpoint into vagrancy and destitution. Reflecting further, I understand destitution in New York is something that can transpire as well, and that hence I am truly accomplishing this work incompletely for myself. In typical occasions these sorts of contemplations and bits of knowledge won't enter my psyche, and it

Friday, August 21, 2020

Writing a Graduate School Essay: Format Samples

Writing a Graduate School Essay: Format SamplesWhen writing a graduate school essay, the choice of format can make or break the flow of the paper. The essay should be original and interesting to read and the best way to accomplish this is to use a professional graduate school essay format. Here are some sample graduate school format samples to help you get started.*This is the place to start if you want to get into the main idea of your essay. This is where you introduce yourself, your special skills and accomplishments, and your teaching responsibilities. You do not need to do this every time, but make sure that your introduction is concise and understandable. Be sure to also mention how you are still learning new things every time you can, especially if the reader will only be reading one or two paragraphs.*As you start to present your points, repeat them in the following sentence or paragraphs, depending on what the context requires. It is a good idea to repeat them as they apply to the current point or topic. If you are discussing a professor's grading standards, repeat them exactly as he says them.*Using the whole sentence, you can provide a course summary for your section of the paper. This summary provides the background to your topic. Since it is your case study, you want to emphasize that your experience is unique and special, not just another person's opinion about the same subject.*Break your paragraph up into sub-paragraphs. This will help make the beginning of your paragraph more interesting and increase the chances of the reader finishing your sentence. Try repeating some of your introduction sentence, but don't use the whole sentence.*When your argument has run its course, or at least all the way through the paragraph, make a solid conclusion with an interesting statement that ties together your facts. Repeat your statement at the end of the paragraph. Don't forget to include your resource box.*Use the first paragraph as an introduction, and then include your title, thesis statement, and research information. You may need to repeat this paragraph several times depending on the paper size. For smaller papers, use only one paragraph per point or topic. You may also need to use sub-headings and sub-sections throughout the paper.Graduate school essay format samples can help you organize your ideas and summarize them in the most organized way possible. By following the format carefully, you will help you convey your thoughts and get your points across.

Monday, May 25, 2020

Essay about Ethics in Finance - 1156 Words

Identify an event or series of events that occurred in the financial marketplace falling within the realm of Financial Management, Financial Institutions and Markets, or Investments that raise significant ethical questions. Analyze the events, public policy responses and their impact on the financial markets and economy at large. Suppose you are the CEO of a well respected, multi-million dollar energy company. You stand at the forefront of innovation and you are world-renowned for your pioneering efforts in the energy industry. However, due to a series of poor financial decisions, your company is on the verge of bankruptcy. You realize that in order to protect your own interests and investments, desperate measures need to be taken.†¦show more content†¦The found out the truth about what was really happening to the tremendously â€Å"profitable† company and what the executives were really doing behind close doors. While stockholders believed that their stock with Enron was increasing as time went on, in actuality the total opposite was happening and they were losing money instead. Many stockholders because of the â€Å"profitability† of the stock, had put every cent they had into the company that even included retirement funds, to wake up the next day and have it depleted. This can all be attributed to the unethical practices that were performed by the executives at Enron. It was clear that the company was losing money and that the stockholders should be made aware of these loses but instead they decided to cover up what was happening. This event mislead people into believing that everything was going smoothly and there was nothing to worry about. The executives knew of what was to come in the future and began to sell stocks based on insider information making them richer and not caring that the stockholders were going to lose everything that they had invested into the company. These unethical practices would later be discovered and investigated by the federal government bringing up criminal charges against many of the top executives. In light of recent public scandals involving high-profile companies such as Enron, the ability of corporations to make ethical decisions has come intoShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of The Finance Industry1376 Words   |  6 Pagesone’s ethics, but also how ethical one’s decision is as a whole. In my career, I have never been put in an ethical dilemma, but at some juncture in my career in the finance industry, it is very possible I will. This paper will discuss; certain situations one might encounter in the business financial industry, what options one has in this dilemma, how certain ethical approaches would guide one’s decision, and my personal opinion on which approach I would utilize. In the industry of finance, one couldRead MoreEthics in Finance Case Study Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Bradley Miller 2/12/15 Seminar of Finance Case Study Ethics in Finance 1. Have I defined the problem correctly and accurately? Answer: The problem was that the WorldCom Company was falling farther and farther into debt and they needed a way out of this hard time. The CEO came to us with a plan to turn the company or in reality to make it look as if the company was headed into the right direction, when in fact it was not. The plan was to use other accounts that have holding money in them forRead MoreEthics, Law And The History Of The Global Finance Capital1080 Words   |  5 PagesAnna C Reiff Professor McBride Senior Seminar: Ethics, Law and the History of the Global Finance Capital December 14, 2016 Finance and Funding in United States Refugee Resettlement: A System Evaluation The United States resettles thousands of refugees every year from all over the globe. Once a refugee goes through an application process and is approved to be resettled in the United States, the official process of resettlement can begin. How does the United States fund refugee resettlement? Are theRead MoreWhat Must Be Done to Improve Ethics in Finance and Corporate Governance?1211 Words   |  5 PagesU10A2- Essay Louise Pettiford What must be done to improve ethics in finance and corporate governance? Corporate governance can be referred to the rules, processes, or laws by which businesses are operated, regulated and controlled. It can also refer to internal factors defined by the officers, stockholders or constitution of a corporation. After finding the meaning of Corporate governance, which can also be referred to corporate responsibility, I thought about the policies in which the companyRead MoreSocial Implications Of Business Ethics1601 Words   |  7 PagesAkram Hussain Unit 37 – Assignment 3 Social implications of business ethics Introduction In this assignment I have been asked to describe the social implications of business ethics facing a selected business in its different areas of activity. I have then been asked to assess these social implications of business ethics. The business organisation I have chosen for this assignment is ‘Boots’. Social implications (P3) Social implication is a term used to describe the actions of a business that willRead MoreEthics Of The Financial World1056 Words   |  5 PagesAshanti Bennett Evonne Whaley BUS-101 27 September 2014 Ethics in the Financial World My form of business includes finances, mainly accounting and auditing. As I progress towards my accounting degree, I found out that there are many issues that I have to deal with in regards to the business itself. Eventually, finances also have to go through ethical issues. The ethics of financial business is determined mostly by the numbers, but it also recognizes the business environment, as well. As I realizedRead MoreThe Mission Of The Accounting And Financial Functional Area1266 Words   |  6 Pagesand the business. To that end we have modeled our code of ethics on that of the bank J.P. Morgan Chase: This Code of Ethics applies to the Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Financial Officer, and Chief Accounting Officer of {our business name}. (the firm) and to all other professionals of the firm worldwide serving in a finance, accounting, corporate treasury, tax or investor relations role. The purpose of this Code of Ethics is to promote honest and ethical conduct and compliance withRead MoreDiscuss the Importance of Ethics in Business in Light of the Recent Global Financial Crisis (Gfc)1119 Words   |  5 Pageson the collapses on issues such as immoral practices, governance, regulations, enterprise ethics. Factors to consider with the collapse that lead to the financial crisis is the dangerous outcomes that financial companies were not foreseen in advanced of borrowing mortgages for the companies. The change of ethics through enterprises demonstrate how business approaches to ethics over the past years where ethics is seen in different perspectives. Lessons are learnt fro m financial failures in the lackRead MoreEthics from an Investment Point of View Essay854 Words   |  4 PagesEthics is especially important from an investment point of view because investors have lost confidence and trust in not only investment professional but also in financial markets in the past 50 years. This is due because of financial crisis, many people lost a lot of money and most of the investors thought that their investment people were not being honest with them. CFA Institute is trying to restore trust and confidence back in to the market, making people to be more ethical. In order to restoreRead MoreFinancial Audit Report On The Decision Making Process855 Words   |  4 PagesAccountability on the other hand helps avoid the pointing of fingers. Accountability is beneficial as it relates to audits because it helps avoid playing the blame game and it gives individuals who had direct involvement with directing or analyzing government finance an opportunity to address t he role that they might’ve played in the decision making process. According to the Annual Financial Audit report, a successful financial audit report should discuss all comments that were included in the audit report with

Friday, May 15, 2020

Britain’s Industrialization of India - 792 Words

Webster’s Dictionary defines the word change using the following: â€Å"to make different in some particular: ALTER b: to make radically different: TRANSFORM c : to give a different position, course, or direction to 2 a : to replace with another b : to make a shift from one to another : SWITCH c : to exchange for an equivalent sum of money d : to undergo a modification of e : to put fresh clothes or covering on.† (Retrieved November 16, 2009, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/change) The 2008 Presidential Campaign for Barack Obama was based on the Promise to change the status quo. Life is an ever changing process; the world is ever changing place. Contemporary musical composer and song writer, Quincy Jones wrote a song†¦show more content†¦During my work experience in the Internal Audit Department I was promoted from a staff auditor to a senior auditor. This was a major moment to be proud of; all my hard work and dedication to my job had rewarded me a new position with higher pay and new opportunities to grow professionally. It made me happy to know that someone saw potential in me and gave me the opportunity to show them that I was capable of the job. However, over the years this company has had so much turmoil that I no longer enjoyed being in the environment. With all the negative energy at that job I found myself asking was this the type of work that I could find myself retiring from? My answer was unequivocal NO!!! I remember when I was in middle school and high school how I used to volunteer at the local Head Start Program where my mother was a teacher. I enjoyed helping her with lesson plans and craft projects for her class. During school breaks I would often volunteer at the Head Start Program. I enjoyed reading to the children and helping them with arts and craft projects. It was rewarding to watch them as they learned. In high school, I took a class that offered child care for the local mothers. This state government funded program exposed me to early childhood education once again. I now realize that I was rehearsing for what would become my ultimate destiny, my future career. At this point in myShow MoreRelatedBritish Imperalism in India Essay1068 Words   |  5 Pages Britain had a desire to have a more economic, political, and social influence over India. Even though the British never preserved a notable military existence in India, they were able to maintain political control. Many changes were made, which benefitted India, but there were also some changes, which contributed to its deterioration. Despite the negative impacts Britain left on India, imperialism is best understood as a strong country extending its authority, in order to increase its wealth, byRead MoreAn Explanation of the Britishs Stuggles to Finance the War with Napoleonic France in The British Balance of Payments1087 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"The British balance of payments, 1772-1820: India transfers and war finance† focuses on the British ability to finance the wars with Napoleonic France. Esteban challenges the academic state of debate regarding the importance of exports on British Industrialization by pointing out that he believes without the exports from India, Britain would have struggled to finance her wars with France and may have never become the incubator of Industrialization. His argument comes back to the numbers he presentsRead MoreImperialism Spread Of China And The Opium War1498 Words   |  6 Pagestwo-time spans, 1839 -1842 and 1856 -1860, however, I am just going to discuss the first one. During the 19th century, global trade had spiked interest in many countries having rich resources to offer. The Qing Empire, the British East India Company and the Dutch East India Company were the primary connections when it came to trade. Since ancient times, the luxurious high demand items from China (Qing Empire) had been exported using the Silk Road. However, due to advances in technology, it became a modernRead MoreThe Influence Of Industrialization In Europe855 Words   |  4 PagesAlmost as a byproduct of industrialization and nationalism, Europe entered its third great expansion into the world in the last half of the nineteenth century. The first great expansion had been the crusades; the second the expansion of European population, culture, and influence into the Americas and Asia during the Age of Discovery. The third expansion was the most dramatic and most aggressive; it was based on a stream of European products, people, and ideas flowing from Europe to other parts ofRead MoreModern Day Economic Conditions During The Industrial Revolution875 Words   |  4 Pagesindustrializing economies in the world (GDP growth rate ~8%) and can credit this to their shift from an agrarian economy to an industrial economy, their abundance of natural resources, cheap labor, and rapid urbanization. A common underpinning for industrialization in 18th century Britain and modern day China is that both took advantage of a large abundance of natural resources. As Gerard Turnbull (Canals, coal and regional growth during the industrial revolution) and Robert Allen have argued, cheap coalRead MoreThe Decline Of The Ottoman Empire1240 Words   |  5 Pagesevents in both India and Africa. The decline of the Ottoman Empire was significantly different compared to India and Africa because their collapse was much more gradual and over a vast period of time. They were at least able to resist against the foreign power during that time. The Ottoman empire was competed over by the Europeans and wanted to gain more control. They had sign treaties and wage wars with the Ottoman which were slowly losing land to the Europeans. Unlike in India and Africa, theRead MoreThe Rise Of Pollution Levels1204 Words   |  5 PagesChina is now the largest emitter of CO2 in the world. But of course, this a global phenomenon: a global phenomenon that in no way started with China as Alanna Mitchell would agree to. By the end of the 19th century, the powerful duo that was industrialization and imperialism spread industrial growth from Great Britain to Southeast Asia. From the opium wars in the mid 19th century to the economic reforms of 1970s, China has been incorporated into the global econom y as the world’s manufacturer. AndRead MoreImperialism And Its Impact On The Domestic Institutions Of Africa Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesThese trading posts created a stable communication system for the European powers to trade goods internationally. The British Empire’s frequent trading with local rulers in India is a prime example of the importance of the aforementioned trading posts. India introduced Britain to various raw materials that were essential to Britain’s development as an economic powerhouse. It is important to note that under â€Å"old† imperialism, European contact with other countries was cooperative and often limited to cross-empireRead MoreEuropean Imperialism During The Middle Of The Nineteenth Century1883 Words   |  8 Pagesdiplomacy. The main motives that drove colonization and imperialism were belief in European superiority and industrialization or modernization. As the Industrial Revolution escalated, countries needed lands with raw materials and natural resources, as well as new markets across the globe that would greatly benefit their economy. Because Europe had advanced so greatly due to industrialization and the modernization of technology in such a short amount of time, Europeans believed that they were the superiorRead MorePolitical and Economic Conditions in Pre-Colonial Ghana Essay examples877 Words   |  4 Pagesand political dominance in the region, forming alliances with local political chiefs, increasing the presence of companies such as The Dutch West India Company and the British African Company of Merchants, in addition to defending their forts along the West African coastline. With the fall of Portugal’s Elmina fort to the Dutch in 1642, and Britain’s purchase of all of the Netherlands’ coastal forts (including Elmina) in 1872, Britain became the dominant European power in the Gold Coast and the

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

A Speech on the Long-Term Future of Our Region and of Our...

YALA- YOUNG LEADERS CONFERENCE Good morning to my fellow future leaders of the Middle East. We are here together today to discuss how we are going to contribute most directly and most effectively to the long-term future of our region and of our many peoples. In the past, the younger generations had little choice but to stand by as our representatives some elected, some not executed national, regional, and geopolitical events unfolded and shaped our societies and the very future of our lives and those of our families. Today, that is no longer the case at all. Today, it is the members of our generation who have been most responsible for the achievement of incredible social and political changes in the Middle East that benefit all of the citizens of our respective nations. After decades of oppression by government authorities in Egypt, it was members of our generation who inspired the civil opposition to the continued reign of terror of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, now in the process of standing trial for his crimes while Egyptian society recovers. Likewise, it was members of our generation who worked tirelessly, sometimes enduring the ultimate sacrifice in the struggle against the oppression of the long and corrupt regime of Muammar Gaddafi in Libya. Nor are we content with those achievements to date. Members of our generation are working just as hard on rebuilding those societies in positive ways to enable all of our brethren to enjoy the relative freedom, equality, andShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Harmful Effects of Global Warming 1363 Words   |  6 Pagesand human society have many elements that are sensitive to climate change. Agriculture, ecosystems, hot and cold requirements, coastal regions, as well as human well being are examples of elements that are sensitive to climate change. Future generations need to know that we as human beings did what we could, when we could, to prevent climate change. Even though global warming is happening slowly, we need to make changes in our lifestyles now because we are killing our earth and poisoningRead MoreThe Crusades And Its Effects On The Future World973 Words   |  4 PagesHistory is one of the essential parts of our world because it helps us understand and analyze what happened in the past, learn and be intrigued by it. In the past we known of many times of war and chaos. In the medieval times in history there was an outcry by various religious groups. One of these groups the Christian crusaders were given the power of government and carried out their religion as an excuse to form war and death all around which in effect ruined many people’s lives. These crusaders formedRead MoreEssay on Speech Pathology971 Words   |  4 PagesSPEECH PATHOLOGY Many people would like to make a difference, not only in their own life, but in others’ lives as well. Deepak Chopra once said, â€Å"Everyone has a purpose in life†¦a unique gift or special talent to give to others. And when we blend this unique talent with service to others, we experience the ecstasy and exultation of our own spirit, which is the ultimate goal of all goals.† All of us, at one point in our lives, have to make the difficult decision of the goals we want to work towardsRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Development Of Psychological Research1557 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology, discuss the claim that technology has played a decisive role in the development of psychological research. Firstly, this essay will discuss the work by Stanley Milgram (1963) and his obedience studies which used technology to see how far people would obey an authority figure. I will follow this with the ethics argument that surrounded it, noting the issues raised by Diana Baumrind (1964). An updated version of Milgram’s (1963) experiment, carried out by Mel Slater and colleagues (2006)Read MoreGeneral Douglas Macarthur s Duty, Honor, Country ``1359 Words   |  6 PagesThe Speech â€Å"Duty, Honor, Country† was delivered by General Douglas MacArthur to the Cadets of the Military Academy in West Point, New York. General Douglas MacArthur was being awarded with the Sylvanus Thayer Award to commend the General for all his hard work and devotion to the Military. The Award is a memorable tribute to the ideals that inspired the late General Sylvanus Thayer, who was also known as â€Å"the Father of West Point†. In General Douglas MacArthur’s â€Å"Duty, Honor, C ountry† speech, he usedRead MoreRacism, Racism And Ethnic Diversity Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesProblem Statement In recent times, racist activities have been prevalent in American communities which is a long standing issue between blacks and whites especially in colleges and the society at large. A freshman at ETSU counter protested along with the black racial group in a provocative way to showcase the depth of the tussle between blacks and whites in the USA. Problem Statement Description Racism and ethnic diversity has been â€Å"America’s† tradition towards the blacks and other racial groupsRead MoreHow The Media Is The Issue Of The 21st Century1137 Words   |  5 Pages1. The relationship of money to Free Speech is the issue of the 21st century. (Bill Moyers in Freedom of Speech for Sale). a) In the light of this quotation, explain both the advantages and dangers of media ownership concentrated in only a few mega-corporations. Refer to specific readings/viewings to back up your thoughts. b) According to Robert McChesney (Corporate Media the Threat to Democracy), and the movie Free Speech for Sale, why is such a concentration of corporate ownership a threatRead MoreImportance Of Cultural Differences Between Business994 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Cultural Differences When operating internationally a company will face many challenges. One of the main challenges they face is the cultural differences among different nations. Even domestic businesses, with such a diverse workforce, have to deal with cultural differences. So what are the principal areas of cultural differences? Not just language, but values, dress, manners, views, and other factors are all principal area of cultural differences in business, and can manifestRead MoreWhat are the key features and limitations of a liberal democratic state?1600 Words   |  7 PagesDemocracy is a frequently used word but its meaning is rarely fully understood. A democratic political system is one in which the ultimate political authority is vested in the people. The word democracy comes from the Greek words demos which means the people and kratos which means authority. Democracy first flourished in the ancient polis of Athens, where huge gatherings were held in order to vote on certain issues. Liberalism is a political view that seeks to change the political, economicRead MoreEgo to Elite: The American Lifestyle Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pageshigh status in the modern world, and it is true that Americans are responsible for some of the world’s greatest innovations. However, our current leaders instill a certain viewpoint that creates misunderstandings about our culture on an international scale. The American lifestyle is fast-paced and hard-hitting: we are proud of our reputation for that. Many of our national ideals stem for a national pride and this behavior may seem off-putting to other nations across the world. This specific viewpoint

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Diabetes Abstract Essay Example For Students

Diabetes Abstract Essay Diabetes Joshua Herron Page 55, March 2000, No. 5, Volume 55 Diabetes: AFRO-AmericansHealth hygiene This article by Hawthorne basically talks about how people have a tendency to take diabetes for granted. Diabetes can be a very serious disease. It effects more than 16 million Americans. Of these 16 million, 3 million are Blacks. Diabetes is the seventh-leading killer in America, and is the number one cause for blindness, kidney ailment and non-traumatic amputations in Blacks. One in four Black women over 55 and one in four Black between the ages 65 and 74 are affected by this disease. Diabetes is defined as the bodys inability to produce insulin. There are two major types of diabetes: insulin dependant, and non-insulin dependant. Non-insulin dependant is the most common in adults. African-Americans over 45, persons overweight, and those who have a history of this disease in their family are most at risk. Hawthorne then explains that doctors do not know why Blacks are more susceptible to this disease. They feel that heredity and diet have a great deal to do with it. The author then talks about how anyone over 45 should be tested at least once every three years. African-Americans should begin earlier and more frequently. These people should take care of themselves and watch out for the warning signs such as excessive thirst, extreme hunger and irritability, and unexplained weight loss. I feel that the author did a good job of explaining the causes and ways to prevent the disease. I felt that that he could do a better job of explaining or giving more reasons that African-Americans are more susceptible to diabetes. Hopefully in the future science can understand the reasons why this happens and come up with ways to prevent or help the effects of diabetes. Bibliography: .